Family : Rubiaceae
Origin : Malaysia, Australia and Polynesia
Description
An evergreen shrub or small crooked tree with a conical crown, 3—8(—10) m tall, with a deep taproot; bark greyish or yellowish-brown, shallowly fissured, glabrous; branchlets quadrangular. Leaves opposite and simple, elliptic-lanceolate, (10—)15—50 cm x 5—17 cm, entire, acute to shortly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, pinnately nerved, glabrous; petioles 0.5—2.5 cm long; stipules variable in size and shape, broadly triangular. Inflorescences globose heads, 1—4 cm long peduncled, in axils of stipules opposite normally developed leaves; flowers bisexual, fragrant; corolla funnel-shaped, up to 1.5 cm long, white; stamens inserted on the mouth of the corolla; stigma bilobed. Fruit an ovoid syncarp of red-brown, pyramidal, 2-seeded drupes, 3—10 cm x 2—3 cm, yellow-white. Seeds black, with hard albumen and distinct air chamber.
Habitat
Grows in shady forests as well as on open rocky or sandy shores.
Parts Used : Bark, root, leaf anf fruit
Herb Effects
Febrifuge and tonic (roots); tonic and antiseptic (bark); febrifuge, tonic and antiseptic (leaves); diuretic, laxative, emollient and as an emmenagogue (fruit); anthelmintic (roots, leaves and fruits).
Active Ingredients
Anthraquinone, asperuloside (root); ascorbic acid, niacin, riboflavin, thiamin (leaf); damnacanthal, lucidin (tissue culture).
Medicinal Use
Used to treat stiffness and tetanus, and to combat arterial tension (roots); as antiseptic on skin lesions, ulcers and wounds (bark); to treat dysentery, diarrhoea, colic, nausea and convulsions (leaves); for asthma and other respiratory problems, as a treatment for arthritic and comparable inflammations, in cases of leucorrhoea and sapraemia and for maladies of inner organs (fruits).
Reference
Habitat
Grows in shady forests as well as on open rocky or sandy shores.
Parts Used : Bark, root, leaf anf fruit
Herb Effects
Febrifuge and tonic (roots); tonic and antiseptic (bark); febrifuge, tonic and antiseptic (leaves); diuretic, laxative, emollient and as an emmenagogue (fruit); anthelmintic (roots, leaves and fruits).
Active Ingredients
Anthraquinone, asperuloside (root); ascorbic acid, niacin, riboflavin, thiamin (leaf); damnacanthal, lucidin (tissue culture).
Medicinal Use
Used to treat stiffness and tetanus, and to combat arterial tension (roots); as antiseptic on skin lesions, ulcers and wounds (bark); to treat dysentery, diarrhoea, colic, nausea and convulsions (leaves); for asthma and other respiratory problems, as a treatment for arthritic and comparable inflammations, in cases of leucorrhoea and sapraemia and for maladies of inner organs (fruits).
Reference
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